跑马灯是大部分学习单片机的初学者编的第一个程序，在使用rt_thread嵌入式系统编程时完成对跑马灯的编程可谓是学习rt_thread的第一课，话不多说直接上代码：
#include <rtthread.h>
#include <rtdevice.h>
#include <board.h>
int main(){
rt_pin_mode(16,PIN_MODE_OUTPUT);
while(1){
rt_pin_write(16,PIN_LOW);
rt_thread_mdelay(500);
rt_pin_write(16,PIN_HIGH);
rt_thread_mdelay(500);
}
return RT_EOK;
}
这里使用的开发板是野火f103，正常来讲使用rt_thread编程时要先创立线程但是今天我们先不创建，试试看直接用main函数能不能让跑马灯亮起来。
我们先从main函数的第一行看起：
rt_pin_mode(16,PIN_MODE_OUTPUT)这行的意思就是先确定我们要对哪个引脚进行操作然后确定它的输入输出模式，这里要解释一下括号中16是什么意思，首先让我们打开内核文件drv_gpio.c
static const struct pin_index pins[] =
{
#if defined(GPIOA)
__STM32_PIN(0 , A, 0 ),
__STM32_PIN(1 , A, 1 ),
__STM32_PIN(2 , A, 2 ),
__STM32_PIN(3 , A, 3 ),
__STM32_PIN(4 , A, 4 ),
__STM32_PIN(5 , A, 5 ),
__STM32_PIN(6 , A, 6 ),
__STM32_PIN(7 , A, 7 ),
__STM32_PIN(8 , A, 8 ),
__STM32_PIN(9 , A, 9 ),
__STM32_PIN(10, A, 10),
__STM32_PIN(11, A, 11),
__STM32_PIN(12, A, 12),
__STM32_PIN(13, A, 13),
__STM32_PIN(14, A, 14),
__STM32_PIN(15, A, 15),
#if defined(GPIOB)
__STM32_PIN(16, B, 0),
__STM32_PIN(17, B, 1),
__STM32_PIN(18, B, 2),
__STM32_PIN(19, B, 3),
__STM32_PIN(20, B, 4),
__STM32_PIN(21, B, 5),
__STM32_PIN(22, B, 6),
__STM32_PIN(23, B, 7),
__STM32_PIN(24, B, 8),
__STM32_PIN(25, B, 9),
__STM32_PIN(26, B, 10),
__STM32_PIN(27, B, 11),
__STM32_PIN(28, B, 12),
__STM32_PIN(29, B, 13),
__STM32_PIN(30, B, 14),
__STM32_PIN(31, B, 15),
#if defined(GPIOC)
__STM32_PIN(32, C, 0),
__STM32_PIN(33, C, 1),
__STM32_PIN(34, C, 2),
__STM32_PIN(35, C, 3),
__STM32_PIN(36, C, 4),
__STM32_PIN(37, C, 5),
__STM32_PIN(38, C, 6),
__STM32_PIN(39, C, 7),
__STM32_PIN(40, C, 8),
__STM32_PIN(41, C, 9),
__STM32_PIN(42, C, 10),
__STM32_PIN(43, C, 11),
__STM32_PIN(44, C, 12),
__STM32_PIN(45, C, 13),
__STM32_PIN(46, C, 14),
__STM32_PIN(47, C, 15),
#if defined(GPIOD)
__STM32_PIN(48, D, 0),
__STM32_PIN(49, D, 1),
__STM32_PIN(50, D, 2),
__STM32_PIN(51, D, 3),
__STM32_PIN(52, D, 4),
__STM32_PIN(53, D, 5),
__STM32_PIN(54, D, 6),
__STM32_PIN(55, D, 7),
__STM32_PIN(56, D, 8),
__STM32_PIN(57, D, 9),
__STM32_PIN(58, D, 10),
__STM32_PIN(59, D, 11),
__STM32_PIN(60, D, 12),
__STM32_PIN(61, D, 13),
__STM32_PIN(62, D, 14),
__STM32_PIN(63, D, 15),
#if defined(GPIOE)
__STM32_PIN(64, E, 0),
__STM32_PIN(65, E, 1),
__STM32_PIN(66, E, 2),
__STM32_PIN(67, E, 3),
__STM32_PIN(68, E, 4),
__STM32_PIN(69, E, 5),
__STM32_PIN(70, E, 6),
__STM32_PIN(71, E, 7),
__STM32_PIN(72, E, 8),
__STM32_PIN(73, E, 9),
__STM32_PIN(74, E, 10),
__STM32_PIN(75, E, 11),
__STM32_PIN(76, E, 12),
__STM32_PIN(77, E, 13),
__STM32_PIN(78, E, 14),
__STM32_PIN(79, E, 15),
#if defined(GPIOF)
__STM32_PIN(80, F, 0),
__STM32_PIN(81, F, 1),
__STM32_PIN(82, F, 2),
__STM32_PIN(83, F, 3),
__STM32_PIN(84, F, 4),
__STM32_PIN(85, F, 5),
__STM32_PIN(86, F, 6),
__STM32_PIN(87, F, 7),
__STM32_PIN(88, F, 8),
__STM32_PIN(89, F, 9),
__STM32_PIN(90, F, 10),
__STM32_PIN(91, F, 11),
__STM32_PIN(92, F, 12),
__STM32_PIN(93, F, 13),
__STM32_PIN(94, F, 14),
__STM32_PIN(95, F, 15),
#if defined(GPIOG)
__STM32_PIN(96, G, 0),
__STM32_PIN(97, G, 1),
__STM32_PIN(98, G, 2),
__STM32_PIN(99, G, 3),
__STM32_PIN(100, G, 4),
__STM32_PIN(101, G, 5),
__STM32_PIN(102, G, 6),
__STM32_PIN(103, G, 7),
__STM32_PIN(104, G, 8),
__STM32_PIN(105, G, 9),
__STM32_PIN(106, G, 10),
__STM32_PIN(107, G, 11),
__STM32_PIN(108, G, 12),
__STM32_PIN(109, G, 13),
__STM32_PIN(110, G, 14),
__STM32_PIN(111, G, 15),
#if defined(GPIOH)
__STM32_PIN(112, H, 0),
__STM32_PIN(113, H, 1),
__STM32_PIN(114, H, 2),
__STM32_PIN(115, H, 3),
__STM32_PIN(116, H, 4),
__STM32_PIN(117, H, 5),
__STM32_PIN(118, H, 6),
__STM32_PIN(119, H, 7),
__STM32_PIN(120, H, 8),
__STM32_PIN(121, H, 9),
__STM32_PIN(122, H, 10),
__STM32_PIN(123, H, 11),
__STM32_PIN(124, H, 12),
__STM32_PIN(125, H, 13),
__STM32_PIN(126, H, 14),
__STM32_PIN(127, H, 15),
#if defined(GPIOI)
__STM32_PIN(128, I, 0),
__STM32_PIN(129, I, 1),
__STM32_PIN(130, I, 2),
__STM32_PIN(131, I, 3),
__STM32_PIN(132, I, 4),
__STM32_PIN(133, I, 5),
__STM32_PIN(134, I, 6),
__STM32_PIN(135, I, 7),
__STM32_PIN(136, I, 8),
__STM32_PIN(137, I, 9),
__STM32_PIN(138, I, 10),
__STM32_PIN(139, I, 11),
__STM32_PIN(140, I, 12),
__STM32_PIN(141, I, 13),
__STM32_PIN(142, I, 14),
__STM32_PIN(143, I, 15),
#if defined(GPIOJ)
__STM32_PIN(144, J, 0),
__STM32_PIN(145, J, 1),
__STM32_PIN(146, J, 2),
__STM32_PIN(147, J, 3),
__STM32_PIN(148, J, 4),
__STM32_PIN(149, J, 5),
__STM32_PIN(150, J, 6),
__STM32_PIN(151, J, 7),
__STM32_PIN(152, J, 8),
__STM32_PIN(153, J, 9),
__STM32_PIN(154, J, 10),
__STM32_PIN(155, J, 11),
__STM32_PIN(156, J, 12),
__STM32_PIN(157, J, 13),
__STM32_PIN(158, J, 14),
__STM32_PIN(159, J, 15),
#if defined(GPIOK)
__STM32_PIN(160, K, 0),
__STM32_PIN(161, K, 1),
__STM32_PIN(162, K, 2),
__STM32_PIN(163, K, 3),
__STM32_PIN(164, K, 4),
__STM32_PIN(165, K, 5),
__STM32_PIN(166, K, 6),
__STM32_PIN(167, K, 7),
__STM32_PIN(168, K, 8),
__STM32_PIN(169, K, 9),
__STM32_PIN(170, K, 10),
__STM32_PIN(171, K, 11),
__STM32_PIN(172, K, 12),
__STM32_PIN(173, K, 13),
__STM32_PIN(174, K, 14),
__STM32_PIN(175, K, 15),
在这里我们为每一个引脚都定义了一个宏，在开发板里led的绿灯所对应的引脚是PB0也就是gpioB第0号引脚（具体可以看开发板的原理图）
__STM32_PIN(16, B, 0),
这一行就是为PB0定义的宏，可以看到在括号内有3个数字，第一个数字就是这个引脚所对应的编号也就是16。
#include <rtthread.h>
#include <rtdevice.h>
#include <board.h>
int main(){
rt_pin_mode(16,PIN_MODE_OUTPUT);
while(1){
rt_pin_write(16,PIN_LOW);
rt_thread_mdelay(500);
rt_pin_write(16,PIN_HIGH);
rt_thread_mdelay(500);
}
}
再让我们回到main函数中，括号里第二个参数应该很好理解，就是选择推挽输出模式同样再内核文件中也能看到关于输入输出的宏。
#define PIN_MODE_OUTPUT 0x00
#define PIN_MODE_INPUT 0x01
#define PIN_MODE_INPUT_PULLUP 0x02
#define PIN_MODE_INPUT_PULLDOWN 0x03
#define PIN_MODE_OUTPUT_OD 0x04
那么这一行是什么意思就一目了然了，选择PB0这个引脚并使用推挽输出模式。接下来让我们看while循环，（1）表示此循环无限运作下去（但通过对线程的操控可以让它关闭，具体的以后会讲）
rt_pin_write(16,PIN_LOW);
rt_thread_mdelay(500);
rt_pin_write(16,PIN_HIGH);
rt_thread_mdelay(500);
while循环中是我们用来点亮跑马灯并且让他闪烁的，第一句就是让PB0输出低电平，在rt_thread中所有引用的参数都是事先定义好的宏所以可以参照上文来找到它的原型，第二句是时钟函数就是延时50ms后读取下一行代码，rt_thread中时钟函数有很多种，如rt_thread_delay（使用系统滴答来完成延时操作，括号内参数应改成50，也就是50个系统滴答）。在搞清楚前两行代码是什么意思后整个while循环的意思就应该很清晰了，通过对引脚输出高低电平并适当的延时就能完成闪烁这个操作。
在rt_thread中用main函数来实现跑马灯的功能还是算蛮简单的，如果有学习过库函数编程应该会一看就懂，但是这种做法在现实中是几乎不会使用的，因为这样子编程和使用库函数编程没什么区别，也就是无法体现出tr_thread的特点。正常情况下是要创建线程后再进行用户函数的编写。
